Hollister & Menning periodic Earth-Venus swing-by cycler

hollister-menning-1970-ev-periodic · source: literature · validation: V0

Signature

Bodies: E-V
Sequence (canonical): E-V
Sense: n/a
Period: — yr ( × E-V synodic)
Period left null: the paper's full text was not accessible at ingest (AIAA arc.aiaa.org returned 403; ADS abstract page returned empty content; NTRS has no matching record). The synodic multiplier k cannot be set without confirming which periodic family/families the paper actually catalogues. The Earth-Venus synodic period used elsewhere in this catalogue is 1.599 yr (see entry 6, EMEEVE 6.4-yr beat note at line ~989), so once the paper is consulted directly, years should be k * 1.599 yr.
Priority date: 1970-10-01

V∞ at encounters

E (#1): — (not published)
Not accessible: paper full text not consulted. Rogers et al. 2012 (AIAA 2012-4746) cite Hollister-Menning 1970 as reference [4] in the lineage paragraph ("In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Hollister and Hollister and Menning discovered trajectories that use gravity-assists to repeatedly encounter the Earth and Venus") but do not transcribe its V_inf values.
V (#2): — (not published)
Same — paper full text not consulted.

Orbit elements (heliocentric)

Semi-major axis a: — AU
Eccentricity e: —
Perihelion: — AU
Aphelion: — AU
Inclination: 0.00°

a/e/perihelion/aphelion: paper not consulted at ingest. Inclination set to 0.0 reflecting the standard circular-coplanar idealization used in the 1969-1970 cycler literature (Hollister 1969 "Periodic Orbits for Interplanetary Flight" JSR Vol. 6 No. 4, the precursor paper, works in the planar idealization; the 1970 Earth-Venus paper is in the same modelling lineage). If the paper turns out to treat the real ~3.4° inclination of Venus's orbit, this value should be revised when the paper is ingested.

Primary citation

Hollister, W. M. & Menning, M. D. (1970). Periodic Swing-By Orbits between Earth and Venus. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 7, No. 10, pp. 1193-1199.

DOI: 10.2514/3.30134

URL: https://doi.org/10.2514/3.30134

Pre-Aldrin (1985) foundational cycler-class paper. Predates the Aldrin SAIC presentation by 15 years and the Byrnes/Longuski/Aldrin 1993 JSR paper by 23 years. The first peer-reviewed analytical demonstration that an Earth-Venus orbit can be made periodic via matched-V_inf gravity-assist swing-bys. Title capitalisation ("Swing-By") follows the original citation as reproduced in Rogers et al. 2012 AIAA 2012-4746 reference [4].

Corroborating sources

Hollister, W. M. (1969). Periodic Orbits for Interplanetary Flight. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 366-369. DOI: 10.2514/3.29664
Single-author precursor paper that introduces the periodic-orbit framework Hollister & Menning 1970 then specialises to the Earth-Venus case. Rogers et al. 2012 cites both as references [1,2] (Hollister 1969 'Castles in Space' Astronautica Acta Vol. 14; Hollister 1969 'Periodic Orbits for Interplanetary Flight' JSR) alongside Hollister & Menning 1969 AIAA Paper 69-931 ("Interplanetary Orbits for Multiple Swingby Missions", August 1969) as ref [3]. The 1970 JSR paper is the peer-reviewed elaboration of the 1969 AIAA conference work.
Hollister, W. M. & Menning, M. D. (1969). Interplanetary Orbits for Multiple Swingby Missions. AIAA Paper 69-931, August 1969.
Conference precursor to the 1970 JSR paper. Not consulted directly; citation per Rogers et al. 2012 reference [3].
Rall, C. & Hollister, W. M. (1971). Free-Fall Periodic Orbits Connecting Earth and Mars. January 1971.
Companion 1971 paper extending the Hollister periodic-swing-by framework from the Earth-Venus pair (the present 1970 entry) to the Earth-Mars pair, predating Aldrin's 1985 SAIC presentation by 14 years. Per Rogers et al. 2012 conclusion: "the cycler concept ... has been discussed since Hollister introduced the idea in 1969" — Hollister is the priority anchor for the cycler-class concept. Cited per Rogers et al. 2012 reference [6] (with the Rall PhD dissertation, MIT October 1970, as ref [5]).

Notes

Pre-Aldrin foundational paper for ballistic cycler trajectories. First peer-reviewed analytical demonstration that a spacecraft can be placed on a periodic Earth-Venus orbit, indefinitely shuttling between the two planets via matched-V_inf gravity-assist swing-bys. The matched-V_inf constraint that defines a ballistic cycler — V_inf arrival at planet i must equal V_inf departure from the same planet in the cycle — is introduced in this Hollister lineage; later Tisserand-graph methods (Strange/Longuski 2002, etc.) formalise the geometric/algebraic structure but the constraint itself is Hollister's contribution. Russell/Strange 2009 JGCD (entry 42) and Rogers et al. 2012 (entry 11, 12) both trace the cycler concept's origin to this line of work, not to Aldrin. DATA COMPLETENESS: citation-only. Numerical values (k, period years, V_inf at Earth and Venus, a, e, perihelion, aphelion) are all null because the paper full text was not accessible at ingest: - AIAA arc.aiaa.org (DOI 10.2514/3.30134) — HTTP 403 to web-fetch tool, consistent with the project-wide AIAA access caveat documented in data/README.md "Audit" section. - ADS abstract page (1970JSpRo...7.1193H) — fetched empty content. - NTRS — no matching record. - Google Scholar / search-result snippets — only metadata, not numerics. The companion Rogers et al. 2012 paper (the catalogue's primary secondary source for Hollister-Menning citation, ingested for the Aldrin/VISIT/S1L1 entries) cites Hollister-Menning 1970 in the lineage paragraph but does not transcribe orbital parameters from it. When the paper becomes accessible (a print library copy at MIT, where Hollister was based, or an institutional subscriber to AIAA), backfill k, years, V_inf, and orbital elements via Edit-with-source- quote-update per data/README.md "Editing an existing entry". M7 NOTE: a finder hit producing a periodic E-V ballistic cycler cannot be matched against this entry via signature comparison (signature fields are null). Treat as "candidate-novel, flag for human review against Hollister-Menning 1970" until member numerics are ingested. Given the paper's vintage and the simplicity of the E-V two-body cycler family, any modern enumerator working in the circular-coplanar model should rediscover Hollister-Menning's solutions; preserve attribution.

Source quotes (per-field provenance)

Every numerical value in this entry traces to a verbatim or paraphrased quote from a cited source.

first_published.title: Citation per Rogers, Hughes, Longuski & Aldrin 2012 (AIAA 2012-4746) reference [4]: "Hollister, W. and Menning, M., 'Periodic Swing-By Orbits between Earth and Venus,' Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 7, No. 10, October 1970, pp. 1193-1199."
first_published.doi: AIAA DOI registry: doi.org/10.2514/3.30134 resolves to the AIAA arc.aiaa.org landing page for "Periodic swing-by orbits between earth and Venus" by W. M. Hollister and M. D. Menning, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets Vol. 7 No. 10 (1970) pp. 1193-1199. Title capitalisation on the AIAA landing page is sentence-case; the Rogers et al. 2012 citation uses title-case ("Swing-By") which is the form preserved in this catalogue.
notes: Rogers et al. 2012 AIAA 2012-4746 Introduction: "In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Hollister and Hollister and Menning discovered trajectories that use gravity-assists to repeatedly encounter the Earth and Venus. Rall and Rall and Hollister were the first to show that these types of trajectories also exist between Earth and Mars." Conclusion: "The concept of cycler vehicles, which would provide safe havens for astronauts traveling to and from Mars on repeating trajectories, has been discussed since Hollister introduced the idea in 1969."